Author: Stephen Berger

^{Type
post

Stephen Berger
Date
May 10, 2022

Categorized
Artificial Intelligence, Medicine and Health, Work

Tagged
Featured}

Would Health Care AI Mean Caregivers Spend More Time on Patients?

_{Chances are, it will just mean fewer and less qualified caregivers} _{Stephen Berger
May 10, 2022

5

Artificial Intelligence, Medicine and Health, Work}

Pat Baird, regulatory head of global software standards at Philips, recently wrote an article titled, “Can Artificial Intelligence ‘Rehumanize’ Healthcare?” His thesis is that “By lowering administrative burden, AI can increase caregivers’ time spent actually caring for patients.” I will argue that this vision for the contribution of AI to healthcare delivery will not happen due to some very observable forces. A place to begin the analysis is with the funding source for AI in healthcare. AI is bought or developed by healthcare delivery organizations. These organizations are following a business plan and if AI does not provide a business benefit, they will not pay for it. We can conclude that AI in healthcare will be designed and used to Read More ›

^{Type
post

Stephen Berger
Date
February 18, 2022

Categorized
Artificial Intelligence

Tagged
Artificial Intelligence, Materialism}

What Is AI Doing To Me? AI’s Manufactured World Lacks Value

_{The best way to defend ourselves from AI's influence is to return to the abstract ideas of virtue, value, and goodness} _{Stephen Berger
February 18, 2022

6

Artificial Intelligence}

During the Christmas season I watched that wonderful classic, “Miracle on 34th Street,” starring Maureen O’Hara, Edmund Gwenn, John Payne, and Natalie Wood. About the same time, I had learned of the writings of Samuel Strauss in The Atlantic. I realized that both “Miracle on 34th Street” and Strauss were dealing with issues similar to those we are wrestling with today related to artificial intelligence (AI). Perhaps the most famous lines from “Miracle on 34th Street” are: Susan Walker: I believe, I believe, I believe. Fred Gailey: Faith is believing in things when common sense tells you not to. Kris Kringle: Oh, Christmas isn’t just a day. It’s a frame of mind. The point made is that what is most Read More ›

^{Type
post

Stephen Berger
Date
January 14, 2022

Categorized
Artificial Intelligence

Tagged
Artificial Intelligence}

What Is AI Doing To Me? How AI Influences Our Concept of Reality

_{Reality is far more than what can be quantified by a computer} _{Stephen Berger
January 14, 2022

6

Artificial Intelligence}

I have been thinking lately about how artificial intelligence (AI) is affecting me. That is a big topic with many avenues to be explored. I would like to explore just two of them here. The first is how AI influences my concept of reality. The second is how AI is influencing my actions. Both of these dynamics are profound and already evident in our world. In this first of two parts, we will explore how AI influences our concept of reality. AI-driven systems receive data from a variety of sources. Their universe is defined by what their sensors can quantify and deliver to them. As we interact with these AI systems, we are subtly influenced to adopt their view of Read More ›

Diversity And Inclusion. Business Employment Leadership

^{Type
post

Stephen Berger
Date
January 10, 2022

Categorized
Artificial Intelligence

Tagged
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), Artificial Intelligence}

Universal Design and Artificial Intelligence

_{Do AI systems serve us all?} _{Stephen Berger
January 10, 2022

6

Artificial Intelligence}

An elderly couple I know recently sold their home and became renters. They thought they had sold their house for a good price, but I am not so sure. I am pretty sure they were swindled by a smooth sales pitch from one of those home-buying companies that are buying up so many homes. They had been homeowners, paying off their mortgage and getting the benefit of the rising value of their home. Now, they are renters, helping to pay their landlord’s mortgage and increasing his net worth. All this got me thinking about universal design and artificial intelligence (AI). Universal design is the discipline of designing products and services for as large a part of the population as possible. Read More ›

Top view of grey crowd of identical people and special one woman, difference and diversity concept. Unique among the faceless, not like everyone else. Shocked, wondered, going mad. Collage.

^{Type
post

Stephen Berger
Date
December 31, 2021

Categorized
Relationships, Social Media

Tagged
Belief systems, Faith, myths, Worldview}

How Do I Know If I Am Living in a Digital Ghetto?

_{AI-enabled tools can help to achieve the objectives of those motivated to create anger, fear, isolationism, or bigotry by manipulating our attention} _{Stephen Berger
December 31, 2021

6

Relationships, Social Media}

I have recently been enjoying the PBS documentary on the history of New York City, part of the “An American Experience” series. With that in the back of my mind, I read design theorist William Dembski’s thought-provoking article, “How Does Worldview Differ from Cultural Environment?” I found myself contemplating various aspects of his argument and in this article, I would like to present some thoughts, using this statement as a launching point: When I taught apologetics at seminary, I would stress to my students that in doing apologetics, they needed to get out of the ghetto. Some seem to think that there is a Christian community in which one can isolate oneself. Beyond this Christian community there is a secular Read More ›

^{Type
post

Stephen Berger
Date
November 8, 2021

Categorized
Artificial Intelligence, Medicine and Health

Tagged
Artificial Intelligence, distributed systems, healthcare, Risk management, spectrum, use cases, Wireless}

How Does AI Change My Healthcare?

_{And what if my most important problem is NOT medical?} _{Stephen Berger
November 8, 2021

6

Artificial Intelligence, Medicine and Health}

What is AI doing to me? That is a good question to contemplate. I want to focus on healthcare: How is my healthcare impacted by AI? In ways that are both obvious and obtuse, AI is changing healthcare. As it changes healthcare, AI is changing us! All of our lives are increasingly quantified. We have devices to count our steps, monitor our pulse and even track how much water we drink. During my last visit, my dentist recommended that I get an Oral-B iO Electric Toothbrush. He was pretty enthusiastic about it and so I got one. This toothbrush not only has a Bluetooth connection to an app you can download onto your phone, but it uses artificial intelligence! Wow! Read More ›

Mature businessman or a scientist with robot.

^{Type
post

Stephen Berger
Date
September 7, 2021

Categorized
Artificial Intelligence

Tagged
Artificial Intelligence, Jobs}

Artificial Intelligence and the Golden Rule

_{The application of the Golden Rule to AI development is complex and multifaceted, but it is still the right rule to live by} _{Stephen Berger
September 7, 2021

7

Artificial Intelligence}

How does the Golden Rule apply to developers of artificial intelligence (AI)? To simplify the application let’s assume there are only two people involved. One runs a small trucking company but also knows how to develop sophisticated AI. This business owner develops an AI enabled system capable of driving his truck. The other person is the truck driver, whom the owner no longer needs. If the owner believed in following the Golden Rule, how should he treat his driver? Let’s assume the driver has worked for the company for forty years but is not yet financially ready to retire. A number of answers are possible. Some companies have bridged long-time employees to retirement. The owner might do that for his Read More ›

3D rendering of a conceptual images of office cubicles where workers where replaced by artificial intelligence.

^{Type
post

Stephen Berger
Date
May 26, 2021

Categorized
Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Natural Intelligence

Tagged
Artificial Intelligence, employment, Future, metaphysics, Unemployment}

Will AI Ever Replace Human Beings? Why Do You Ask?

_{A better question might be: Why do we want to know the future of artificial intelligence?} _{Stephen Berger
May 26, 2021

9

Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Natural Intelligence}

The question of whether a machine can ever fully replace a human can only have one, predefined answer. My question is, why bother asking the question? You already know the only answer you will accept! Read More ›

young man working freelance in laptop at home

^{Type
post

Stephen Berger
Date
May 19, 2021

Categorized
Artificial Intelligence, Ethics, Philosophy of Mind

Tagged
Artificial Intelligence (AI), Featured, Humanity (essence), intelligence, Machine Learning, ontology, Reality, Universe}

Will Humans Ever Be Fully Replaceable by AI? Part 3

_{Data outlines what can be quantified but does not show the comparison between AI and human performance at the most important points} _{Stephen Berger
May 19, 2021

11

Artificial Intelligence, Ethics, Philosophy of Mind}

To get the right answer to the question of whether artificial intelligence will ever become capable of replacing man we must get the ontology, epistemology, and metrology right. Ontology seeks to understand the essential nature of things and the relationships between different things. Epistemology looks at what we can know and how accurately we can know what is knowable. Finally, metrology explores how we make measurements and comparisons. To get the right answer we must measure the right things (ontology), select what we will measure (epistemology), and determine how we make our measurements and comparisons with accuracy, precision, and repeatability (metrology). Mistakes in any of these areas will lead to a bad outcome. A common mistake is to measure what Read More ›

Concept of rivalry between robots and humans

^{Type
post

Stephen Berger
Date
May 2, 2021

Categorized
Artificial Intelligence, Philosophy of Mind

Tagged
intelligence, ontology, Reality, spirituality, String theory, Universe}

Will Humans Ever Be Fully Replaceable by AI? Part 2

_{Particles and energy can be translated into each other. Might man also be a type of duality, with a natural and a spiritual reality?} _{Stephen Berger
May 2, 2021

7

Artificial Intelligence, Philosophy of Mind}

In Part 1, we looked at the many dimensions to our thinking. Now, we ask, What then is man? Is man simply a complex biological machine that is fully explained by analyzing it in the four dimensions of space and time? Is the brain just a biological computer fully contained in four dimensions? Most of the world’s religions hold that man exists beyond the mere physical. Man has a soul, a spirit; these exist outside of the physical universe. There are characteristics, attributes, and values that are very real and have great impact, but which defy direct observation or quantification. String theory, an active research area in modern physics, requires 10 or 11 dimensions to fully explain what we see Read More ›

At the Factory: Automation Engineer Uses Laptop for Programming Robotic Arm. New Era in Automatic Manufacturing Industry.

^{Type
post

Stephen Berger
Date
April 27, 2021

Categorized
Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Philosophy of Mind, Science

Tagged
Dimensions, Humanity (essence), Paul Sutter, Reality, senses, Universe}

Will Humans Ever Be Fully Replaceable by AI? Part 1

_{We must first determine, what is a person and what is the nature of the universe in which a person can exist?} _{Stephen Berger
April 27, 2021

15

Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Philosophy of Mind, Science}

The title question has been around for quite some time. In this discussion, I would like to take an ontological look at this question. What is the essential nature of being a person? To fully replace humans, what must AI machines become capable of? IF we want to consider the possibility of making humans obsolete, we need to know what is the essence of humanity? What is the ontological nature of a person? What characteristics define being a person? Even before we can address the essential nature of a person, we must identify the essential nature of the universe in which that person exists. What is the universe? How many dimensions does it have? Can the universe, or in it Read More ›

5G Network Internet Mobile Wireless Business concept.5G standard of modern signal transmission technology.

^{Type
post

Stephen Berger
Date
March 10, 2021

Categorized
Artificial Intelligence, Philosophy of Mind

Tagged
5G, Artificial Intelligence, Belief systems, Featured, ontology, Risk assessment, Risk management}

How 5G Is Shaped By Narrative and Myth

_{Our perspective powerfully influences how we see things} _{Stephen Berger
March 10, 2021

7

Artificial Intelligence, Philosophy of Mind}

We all use narratives and sometimes myths to organize our thinking. According to WikiDiff, … the difference between narrative and myth is that narrative is the systematic recitation of an event or series of events while myth is a traditional story which embodies a belief regarding some fact or phenomenon… It is important to be aware and careful of the narratives we use. It is even more important to be reflective of the myths we follow. Myths, with their attendant belief systems, have a greater impact on our perceptions and actions than narratives. The stories we use to frame our understanding of the facts about a topic highlight some areas but blind us to others. We should think about topics Read More ›

^{Type
post

Stephen Berger
Date
February 18, 2021

Categorized
Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning

Tagged
Amazon Web Services (AWS), Featured, Robert J. Marks}

Exactly What IS Artificial Intelligence Anyway?

_{How does AI relate to machine learning (ML), neural computing, informatics, and a host of other hot CS buzz words?} _{Stephen Berger
February 18, 2021

7

Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning}

Robert J. Marks, director of the Walter Bradley Center for Natural & Artificial Intelligence, likes to explain AI by saying “AI is anything computers do that is kind of amazing.” (“Human Exceptionalism,” Reasons to Believe, August 8, 2020). Using this definition AI is a general term that includes a collection of computer science technologies. AI is fluid. Dr. Elaine Rich (pictured), noted computer scientist and an author of Artificial Intelligence, offers a more specific definition: “AI is the study of how to make computers do things which, at the moment, people do better.” (Accessed February 17, 2021) Relying on this definition John Hsia observes: “By definition, once a computer can do what people used to do better, it’s no longer Read More ›

^{Type
post

Stephen Berger
Date
January 24, 2021

Categorized
Ethics, Programming

Tagged
Artificial Intelligence, Featured, ontology, Policy-based radio, Risk assessment, Risk management, semantic reasoning, spectrum, Wireless}

Why Medical Device Companies Use Priorities Created by Toy Makers

_{The priorities followed by product developers arise from the ontology they use} _{Stephen Berger
January 24, 2021

6

Ethics, Programming}

The priorities of product development teams arise from the ontology, the beliefs about the nature of reality, they follow. One of the greatest values of defining that ontology is to identify blind spots and wrong assumptions. When the source of priorities is clear, improved, more adaptable options become possible. As Clayton Christensen (1952–2020, pictured) has said: To grow profit margins and revenue, he observes, such companies tend to develop products to satisfy the demands of their most sophisticated customers. As successful as this strategy may be, it means that those companies also tend to ignore opportunities to meet the needs of less sophisticated customers — who may eventually form much larger markets. A hierarchy of products starts with the components, Read More ›

Condenser microphone golden in the studio recording creating the sound effect for the content creator

^{Type
post

Stephen Berger
Date
January 15, 2021

Categorized
Artificial Intelligence

Tagged
Artificial Intelligence, Featured, ontology, Policy-based radio, semantic reasoning, spectrum, Wireless}

Stakeholders Are Competing for Control of Radio Networks

_{Future networks will need to need to safeguard the quality of the data} _{Stephen Berger
January 15, 2021

7

Artificial Intelligence}

The incorporation of ontologies and semantic reasoning have far reaching implications for wireless communications and spectrum management. Early implementations using adaptive spectrum methods are already being deployed. In the future much deeper uses will be developed. In the context of wireless communications ontology and semantic reasoning have similar roles to their use in the semantic web. The ontology layer defines the participants and variables that impact communication. It also describes the relationships between them. A semantic reasoning engine uses the ontology to analyze the current data and formulate a transmission plan to implement the policies it has been given. Thus, the work being developed for the semantic web is being applied to spectrum management. Physical Layer Stakeholders Early uses of Read More ›

cropped shot of radio host speaking in microphone in broadcasitng studio

^{Type
post

Stephen Berger
Date
January 6, 2021

Categorized
Global Technology, Programming

Tagged
Featured, Policy-based radio, Risk management, Wireless}

Radio Is Changing From Hardware to Software: New Policies Needed!

_{Perhaps surprisingly, theology may play a role in determining how radio will be used} _{Stephen Berger
January 6, 2021

10

Global Technology, Programming}

As I noted in an article earlier this week, dynamic spectrum access networks (DySPAN), implementing policy-based radio, are defining the future of wireless. The new networks are based on ontologies. Ontology is the study of the essential nature of a subject. It identifies the objects or variables that are involved. It then identifies the relationships between them. An ontology identifies the variables and how they relate to one another. That knowledge is then used to develop solutions. The initial ontology focuses on the variables that may result in one radio service interfering with another. The subject is the transmission level. The purpose is to improve coexistence. The goal is to get transmitters to share the same spectrum with a minimum Read More ›

Vintage microphone and headphones with signboard on air. Broadcasting radio station concept.

^{Type
post

Stephen Berger
Date
January 4, 2021

Categorized
Artificial Intelligence

Tagged
Featured, Radio communications}

We Are Running Out Of Radio Spectrum But AI Might Help

_{Future generations of wireless (radio wave) communications will depend on artificial intelligence (AI)} _{Stephen Berger
January 4, 2021

6

Artificial Intelligence}

Today’s wireless (radio wave) communications are already vastly different from those of previous generations. One difference is the move to much more adaptable hardware controlled by software—software defined radio or reconfigurable radio. Future generations of the technology will move increasingly to dynamic spectrum networks (DySPAN), using adaptive spectrum access techniques. One outcome might be an improvement in transmission priority. Most people would agree that a call to 9-11 should get priority routing as opposed to routine calls to friends and businesses. The networks will reason not only about its transmission options but the needs of the underlying content. AI enables these possibilities. But here’s the problem: Based on traditional methods of spectrum management we have run out of spectrum. The Read More ›